210 citations found for ClinDX from 2004/06.
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Heyt GJ et al. Impaired rectoanal inhibitory response in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): an association with fecal incontinence. Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:1040-5. PMID: 15309898
Authors' conclusions: No correlation was found between RAIR and duration or subtype of SSc, antibody status, or presence of diarrhea or constipation. Impaired RAIR was closely correlated with fecal incontinence, suggesting a possible neural mechanism for maintenance of continence. To view full text of this article:
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Hori I et al. Structural criteria for depigmenting mechanism of arbutin. Phytother Res 2004;18:475-9. PMID: 15287073
Authors' conclusions: The depigmenting mechanism of arbutin previously reported is supportable if a cofactor is not available in the melanocytes. The combination with L-ascorbic acid is a useful application, particularly when oxygen is limited. To view full text of this article:
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de Raad J et al. A comparison between two systems for pre-employment medical assessment in the Royal Netherlands Army by a randomized, controlled study. Mil Med 2004;169:437-43. PMID: 15281672
Authors' conclusions: In this study, we were not able to uncover the mechanism by which the "basic medical requirements" examination system led to an improvement in outcome. For the present, this mechanism is interpreted because of differences between the two systems. To view full text of this article:
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Lee L et al. Intraoperative patient warming using radiant warming or forced-air warming during long operations. Anaesth Intensive Care 2004;32:358-61. PMID: 15264730
Authors' conclusions: The Suntouch is not as effective as the forced air warming for intraoperative warming during long surgical procedures. The device may be useful when forced-air warming is not possible. To view full text of this article:
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Su HM et al. Ankle-brachial pressure index measured using an automated oscillometric method as a predictor of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2004;20:268-72. PMID: 15253467
Authors' conclusions: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ABI less than 0.9 in predicting multivessel CAD were 22%, 96%, 93%, and 34%, respectively. In conclusion, ABI measured using the automated oscillometric method can be used to predict the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with CAD. To view full text of this article:
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Howard BV et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy is associated with atherosclerosis progression in women with abnormal glucose tolerance. Circulation 2004;110:201-6. PMID: 15226212
Authors' conclusions: PHT is associated with a worsening of coronary atherosclerosis and exacerbation of the profile of inflammatory markers in women with AGT. Therefore, PHT is not warranted for use in diabetic women. Further study is needed to explore the improvement in insulin resistance and glycemia that appears to occur with PHT in women with AGT. To view full text of this article:
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Korshunov VA et al. Strain-dependent vascular remodeling: the "Glagov phenomenon" is genetically determined. Circulation 2004;110:220-6. PMID: 15226209
Authors' conclusions: The present study indicates that performing a genetic cross of these strains and total genome scan should identify genes that mediate vascular remodeling. To view full text of this article:
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Pletcher MJ et al. Using the coronary artery calcium score to predict coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1285-92. PMID: 15226161
Authors' conclusions: The coronary artery calcium score is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events. To view full text of this article:
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Ravaja N et al. Suboptimal exposure to facial expressions when viewing video messages from a small screen: effects on emotion, attention, and memory. J Exp Psychol Appl 2004;10:120-13. PMID: 15222806
Authors' conclusions: In particular, happy facial primes prompted increased (a) pleasure ratings, (b) orbicularis oculi EMG activity, (c) perceived trustworthiness, and (d) recognition memory for video messages with a positive emotional tone. Emotional and other responses to video messages presented on a small screen can be modified with suboptimal affective primes, but even small differences in the emotional tone of the messages should be allowed for. To view full text of this article:
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Hettiaratchy S et al. Initial management of a major burn: I--overview. BMJ 2004;328:1555-7. PMID: 15217876
Authors' conclusions: Not available. To view full text of this article:
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Adams KM et al. Healthcare challenges from the developing world: post-immigration refugee medicine. BMJ 2004;328:1548-52. PMID: 15217874
Authors' conclusions: Not available. To view full text of this article:
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Greenhalgh T et al. "Not a university type": focus group study of social class, ethnic, and sex differences in school pupils' perceptions about medical school. BMJ 2004;328:1541. PMID: 15217871
Authors' conclusions: Underachievement by able pupils from poor backgrounds may be more to do with identity, motivation, and the cultural framing of career choices than with low levels of factual knowledge. Policies to widen participation in medical education must go beyond a knowledge deficit model and address the complex social and cultural environment within which individual life choices are embedded. To view full text of this article:
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Cox WG. E/M coding for nonphysician practitioner services. J AHIMA 2004;75:62-4; quiz 65-6. PMID: 15216712
Authors' conclusions: Not available. To view full text of this article:
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Meka VG et al. Linezolid resistance in sequential Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with a T2500A mutation in the 23S rRNA gene and loss of a single copy of rRNA. J Infect Dis 2004;190:311-7. PMID: 15216466
Authors' conclusions: As a result of these 2 factors, the proportion of mutant : wild-type 23S rRNA genes increased in association with an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration of linezolid. The most recent isolate of this series was recovered 7 months after the patient discontinued linezolid and demonstrated reversion to a susceptible phenotype associated with a loss of the T2500A mutation. To view full text of this article:
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King MS et al. Baseline HIV-1 RNA level and CD4 cell count predict time to loss of virologic response to nelfinavir, but not lopinavir/ritonavir, in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients. J Infect Dis 2004;190:280-4. PMID: 15216462
Authors' conclusions: The risk of loss of virologic response was significantly higher for nelfinavir-treated patients than for lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients (Cox model hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-3.0; P<.001). For nelfinavir-treated patients, but not for lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients, higher baseline HIV-1 RNA levels and lower baseline CD4 cell counts were associated with a higher risk of loss of virologic response. To view full text of this article:
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Sivard P et al. HIV-1 infection of Langerhans cells in a reconstructed vaginal mucosa. J Infect Dis 2004;190:227-35. PMID: 15216455
Authors' conclusions: Moreover, HIV-1-infected LCs of the reconstructed mucosa were able to transmit R5 or X4 HIV-1 strains to activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Such a model could be a useful tool to study the mechanisms involved in transmission of HIV in the female genital tract. To view full text of this article:
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Doll R et al. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004;328:1519. PMID: 15213107
Authors' conclusions: A substantial progressive decrease in the mortality rates among non-smokers over the past half century (due to prevention and improved treatment of disease) has been wholly outweighed, among cigarette smokers, by a progressive increase in the smoker nu non-smoker death rate ratio due to earlier and more intensive use of cigarettes. Among the men born around 1920, prolonged cigarette smoking from early adult life tripled age specific mortality rates, but cessation at age 50 halved the hazard, and cessation at age 30 avoided almost all of it. To view full text of this article:
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Mills WJ et al. The value of the ankle-brachial index for diagnosing arterial injury after knee dislocation: a prospective study. J Trauma 2004;56:1261-5. PMID: 15211135
Authors' conclusions: The ABI is a rapid, reliable, noninvasive tool for diagnosing vascular injury associated with knee dislocation. Routine arteriography for all patients with knee dislocation is not supported. To view full text of this article:
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Rainer TH et al. Comparison of thoracic ultrasound, clinical acumen, and radiography in patients with minor chest injury. J Trauma 2004;56:1211-3. PMID: 15211127
Authors' conclusions: Early ultrasonography is more accurate than clinical and radiologic evaluation at detecting rib and sternal fractures. To view full text of this article:
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Davalos A et al. The clinical-DWI mismatch: a new diagnostic approach to the brain tissue at risk of infarction. Neurology 2004;62:2187-92. PMID: 15210880
Authors' conclusions: Acute stroke patients with an NIHSS score of > or =8 and DWI volume of < or =25 mL have a higher probability of infarct growth and early neurologic deterioration. The new concept of CDM may identify patients with tissue at risk of infarction for thrombolytic or neuroprotective drugs. To view full text of this article:
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Rowinsky EK et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of ABX-EGF, a fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3003-15. PMID: 15210739
Authors' conclusions: ABX-EGF was generally well tolerated. The objective response rate was low in previously treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although skin rash may be a pharmacodynamic marker of drug action, its potential as a surrogate marker of clinical benefit requires further evaluation. To view full text of this article:
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Brady AR et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion: risk factors and time intervals for surveillance. Circulation 2004;110:16-21. PMID: 15210603
Authors' conclusions: Annual, or less frequent, surveillance intervals are safe for all AAAs < or =45 mm in diameter. Smoking increases AAA growth, but atherosclerosis plays a minor role. To view full text of this article:
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Eftestol T et al. Effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on predictors of ventricular fibrillation defibrillation success during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2004;110:10-5. PMID: 15210599
Authors' conclusions: During resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation, changes in the predictors calculated from the ventricular fibrillation waveform indicated a positive effect of CPR on the myocardium. To view full text of this article:
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Fiaschi-Taesch N et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein as a regulator of pRb and the cell cycle in arterial smooth muscle. Circulation 2004;110:177-85. PMID: 15210588
Authors' conclusions: PTHrP interacts with key cell cycle regulatory pathways within the arterial wall. Moreover, NLS-deleted PTHrP delivered to the arterial wall at the time of angioplasty seems to have promise as an agent that could reduce or eliminate the neointimal response to angioplasty. To view full text of this article:
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Lopriore E et al. Correct use of the Apgar score for resuscitated and intubated newborn babies: questionnaire study. BMJ 2004;329:143-4. PMID: 15208208
Authors' conclusions: Not available. To view full text of this article:
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Rietveld RP et al. Predicting bacterial cause in infectious conjunctivitis: cohort study on informativeness of combinations of signs and symptoms. BMJ 2004;329:206-10. PMID: 15201195
Authors' conclusions: A bacterial origin of complaints indicative of acute infectious conjunctivitis can be made much more likely or unlikely by the answers to three simple questions posed during clinical history taking (possibly by telephone). These results may have consequences for more targeted prescription of ocular antibiotics. To view full text of this article:
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Herr HW et al. Surgical factors influence bladder cancer outcomes: a cooperative group report. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2781-9. PMID: 15199091
Authors' conclusions: Surgical factors influence bladder cancer outcomes after cystectomy, after adjustment for pathologic factors and neoadjuvant chemotherapy usage. To view full text of this article:
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Hedley AA et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA 2004;291:2847-50. PMID: 15199035
Authors' conclusions: There is no indication that the prevalence of obesity among adults and overweight among children is decreasing. The high levels of overweight among children and obesity among adults remain a major public health concern. To view full text of this article:
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Samwiil L et al. Blood pressure and urinalysis are often omitted in women who have suffered pre-eclampsia at their six-week postnatal check. BJOG 2004;111:623-5. PMID: 15198793
Authors' conclusions: Of 257 audit participants across 21 maternity units in the United Kingdom over the period 1st June 2001 to 31st May 2002, 93% (n= 238) recalled having had their blood pressure taken and 28% (n = 73) recalled having had their urine tested. A significant proportion of women were not being screened for unresolved pre-eclampsia at their six-week routine postnatal examination. To view full text of this article:
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Reid JM et al. Phase I trial and pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in children with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2445-51. PMID: 15197207
Authors' conclusions: Gemcitabine given by 30-minute infusion for 2 or 3 consecutive weeks every 4 weeks was tolerated well by children at doses of 2100 mg/m(2) and 1200 mg/m(2), respectively. To view full text of this article:
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Diener-West M et al. Screening for metastasis from choroidal melanoma: the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group Report 23. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2438-44. PMID: 15197206
Authors' conclusions: Use of LFTs results followed by diagnostic tests has high specificity and predictive values but low sensitivity. Better tests are needed to identify earlier metastatic disease associated with choroidal melanoma. To view full text of this article:
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Golub RM et al. Cost minimization study of image-guided core biopsy versus surgical excisional biopsy for women with abnormal mammograms. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2430-7. PMID: 15197205
Authors' conclusions: Image-guided core biopsy can be cost-saving compared with surgical biopsy, particularly when the mammographic abnormality is classified as low suspicion or consists of calcifications or masses. Moving to a policy in which core biopsy is the preferred approach in these settings has the potential to result in significant cost savings. To view full text of this article:
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Galvani M et al. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide on admission has prognostic value across the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2004;110:128-34. PMID: 15197143
Authors' conclusions: The measurement of NT-proBNP on admission improves the early risk stratification of patients with ACS, suggesting the need for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. To view full text of this article:
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Manning J. The assessment of dark skin and dermatological disorders. Nurs Times 2004;100:48-51. PMID: 15195546
Authors' conclusions: The detrimental effects of dermatological disorders include social isolation and stigma (Lewis-Jones, 2000). In order to minimise these negative effects it is important that patients are assessed and diagnosed efficiently and with compassion so that they can be treated appropriately. To view full text of this article:
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Zuckerman RA et al. Higher concentration of HIV RNA in rectal mucosa secretions than in blood and seminal plasma, among men who have sex with men, independent of antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2004;190:156-61. PMID: 15195255
Authors' conclusions: ART was associated with a 1.3-log(10) reduction in rectal HIV RNA in a model without plasma HIV RNA; with and without plasma RNA in models, ART accounted for a >1-log(10) decrease in seminal HIV RNA levels. Thus, controlling for plasma HIV RNA, ART had an independent effect on seminal, but not rectal, HIV levels. To view full text of this article:
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McAdam AJ et al. Human metapneumovirus in children tested at a tertiary-care hospital. J Infect Dis 2004;190:20-6. PMID: 15195239
Authors' conclusions: hMPV is common among young children with apparent respiratory infections, suggesting that it is a significant cause of symptomatic respiratory infections. To view full text of this article:
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Fukushima H et al. Prognostic value of remnant-like lipoprotein particle levels in patients with coronary artery disease and type II diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2219-24. PMID: 15193683
Authors' conclusions: Increased levels of RLP cholesterol are a significant and independent risk factor of CAD and predict future coronary events in patients with CAD and type II DM. To view full text of this article:
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Sato W et al. The amygdala processes the emotional significance of facial expressions: an fMRI investigation using the interaction between expression and face direction. Neuroimage 2004;22:1006-13. PMID: 15193632
Authors' conclusions: Regression analysis showed a positive relation between the left amygdala activity and experienced emotion. These results suggest that the amygdala is involved in emotional but not visuoperceptual processing for emotional facial expressions, which specifically includes the decoding of emotional significance and elicitation of one's own emotions corresponding to that significance. To view full text of this article:
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Anders S et al. Infrared oculography-validation of a new method to monitor startle eyeblink amplitudes during fMRI. Neuroimage 2004;22:767-70. PMID: 15193605
Authors' conclusions: Moreover, our data indicate that IOG, like EMG, recordings of startle eyeblink amplitudes are predicted by verbal ratings of the emotional valence of pictorial foreground stimuli. Thus, IOG provides a valid method to record startle eyeblinks and might be used to monitor affective state during fMRI. To view full text of this article:
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Greenes DS et al. When body temperature changes, does rectal temperature lag? J Pediatr 2004;144:824-6. PMID: 15192635
Authors' conclusions: Sixty and 90 minutes after drug administration, temporal artery temperatures had decreased significantly more than rectal temperatures. When body arterial temperature changes rapidly, changes in rectal temperature may lag. To view full text of this article:
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Eustace SJ et al. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging. BMJ 2004;328:1387-8. PMID: 15191954
Authors' conclusions: Not available. To view full text of this article:
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Chen LL et al. Effect of ozone exposure on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects. Chest 2004;125:2328-35. PMID: 15189958
Authors' conclusions: Exposure to a relatively low-level concentration of ozone does not enhance the late inflammatory or early bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled antigen in most allergic asthmatic subjects. Our results do suggest, however, that a subgroup of asthmatics may acquire increased sensitivity to aeroallergens after exposure to ozone. To view full text of this article:
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Detterbeck FC et al. Seeking a home for a PET, part 2: Defining the appropriate place for positron emission tomography imaging in the staging of patients with suspected lung cancer. Chest 2004;125:2300-8. PMID: 15189955
Authors' conclusions: A mediastinoscopy is also reasonable in patients with clinical stage III lung cancer who have no mediastinal PET uptake. It is unclear and controversial whether a biopsy is needed in patients with clinical stage II lung cancer who have no PET uptake in the mediastinum. To view full text of this article:
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De Freitas I et al. Serum levels of the apoptosis-associated molecules, tumor necrosis factor-alpha/tumor necrosis factor type-I receptor and Fas/FasL, in sepsis. Chest 2004;125:2238-46. PMID: 15189947
Authors' conclusions: These results suggest that the TNF-alpha/TNFRI and FasL/Fas systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Serum levels of the death-receptors, TNFRI and Fas, could serve as potential markers of the severity of human sepsis. To view full text of this article:
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Appoloni O et al. Association between the TNF-2 allele and a better survival in cardiogenic shock. Chest 2004;125:2232-7. PMID: 15189946
Authors' conclusions: Patients with the TNF-2 allele have no greater risk of cardiogenic shock but a better survival rate when it develops. Different genetic factors appear to influence the risk of development of, and outcome from, cardiogenic shock. To view full text of this article:
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Todisco T et al. Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure: integrated use of negative pressure ventilation and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Chest 2004;125:2217-23. PMID: 15189944
Authors' conclusions: The integrated use of two NIMV techniques is effective in patients with acute exacerbation of CRF. In most cases intubation and tracheostomy were avoided, thus reducing the complication rate of mechanical ventilation. To view full text of this article:
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Bernard GR et al. Extended evaluation of recombinant human activated protein C United States Trial (ENHANCE US): a single-arm, phase 3B, multicenter study of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in severe sepsis. Chest 2004;125:2206-16. PMID: 15189943
Authors' conclusions: Despite the limitations associated with comparisons across trials, this study provides confirmatory evidence of the efficacy and safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) documented in the PROWESS trial. To view full text of this article:
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Ganushchak YM et al. Neurological complications after coronary artery bypass grafting related to the performance of cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest 2004;125:2196-205. PMID: 15189942
Authors' conclusions: This study shows that apparently normal CPB procedures affect the impact of common clinical risk factors on postoperative neurologic complications. Patients who underwent CPB procedures with large fluctuations in hemodynamic parameters particularly showed an increased risk for the development of postoperative neurologic complications. To view full text of this article:
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Laghi F et al. Effect of lung volume reduction surgery on diaphragmatic neuromechanical coupling at 2 years. Chest 2004;125:2188-95. PMID: 15189941
Authors' conclusions: Patients undergoing lung volume reduction surgery can maintain early gains in neuromechanical coupling and exercise capacity 2 years later. To view full text of this article:
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Meurin P et al. Evolution of the postoperative pericardial effusion after day 15: the problem of the late tamponade. Chest 2004;125:2182-7. PMID: 15189940
Authors' conclusions: Persisting PE is common after postoperative day 15 and is more frequent after undergoing CABG surgery than after undergoing VR surgery. The incidence of late tamponade is usually underestimated, and it increases with the presence of VR, anticoagulation therapy, and/or higher postoperative TTE severity grade. Our data suggest that only patients with a PE severity grade of >/= 2 (< 10% of patients) require TTE follow-up after postoperative day 20. To view full text of this article:
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Mery CM et al. Relationship between a history of antecedent cancer and the probability of malignancy for a solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest 2004;125:2175-81. PMID: 15189939
Authors' conclusions: A history of cancer is an important predictor of the probability of malignancy in new SPNs. Metastases from previous cancer account for almost half of SPNs seen among patients in this subgroup. Diagnosis depends on the histology of previous malignancies, smoking history, age, and size of the SPN. To view full text of this article:
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Yasuda H et al. Increased arteriovenous carboxyhemoglobin differences in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Chest 2004;125:2160-8. PMID: 15189937
Authors' conclusions: The present study suggests that a-vHb-CO differences may be a useful means to define the site of inflammation, either in the lung or organs other than the lung, in patients with a fever of unknown origin. The large a-vHb-CO differences may be caused by carbon monoxide production in pulmonary inflammation. To view full text of this article:
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Alatas F et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest 2004;125:2156-9. PMID: 15189936
Authors' conclusions: Increased serum VEGF levels may be an indicator of active pulmonary tuberculosis, since levels were higher in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and were lower after successful treatment. The role of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions should be further elucidated. To view full text of this article:
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Condos R et al. Regional deposition of aerosolized interferon-gamma in pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest 2004;125:2146-55. PMID: 15189935
Authors' conclusions: Aerosol therapy with IFN-gamma in patients with pulmonary TB is widely distributed and results in significant enhancement of IFN-gamma levels in the lower respiratory tract. In patients without lung destruction, IFN-gamma aerosol may be an adjuvant to enhance the local immune response. To view full text of this article:
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Chen MC et al. Preoperative atrial size predicts the success of radiofrequency maze procedure for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery. Chest 2004;125:2129-34. PMID: 15189932
Authors' conclusions: The preoperative left atrial area is an independent determinant of sinus conversion by the RF maze procedure for patients with permanent AF and mitral valve disease. To view full text of this article:
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Huez S et al. Feasibility of routine pulmonary arterial impedance measurements in pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2004;125:2121-8. PMID: 15189931
Authors' conclusions: The determination of PVZ to quantify RV afterload is feasible during routine right heart catheterization and Doppler echocardiography. The measurement is sensitive to pharmacologic interventions. To view full text of this article:
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Okumiya T et al. Evaluation of intravascular hemolysis with erythrocyte creatine in patients with cardiac valve prostheses. Chest 2004;125:2115-20. PMID: 15189930
Authors' conclusions: Erythrocyte creatine is a quantitative and reliable marker for intravascular hemolysis in patients with prosthetic valves. Mild hemolysis is ascribable to valvular flow velocity rather than regurgitation. To view full text of this article:
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Nakamura T et al. Corrected QT dispersion and cardiac sympathetic function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Chest 2004;125:2107-14. PMID: 15189929
Authors' conclusions: Nocturnal QTcD is increased in OSAHS patients but is decreased by nCPAP therapy independently of cardiac sympathetic function. To view full text of this article:
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Berg S et al. Acidification of distal esophagus and sleep-related breathing disturbances. Chest 2004;125:2101-6. PMID: 15189928
Authors' conclusions: Episodes of esophageal acidification are common in patients with sleep apnea, and are usually associated with respiratory and pressure events. However, changes in pH were independent of the magnitude of the Pes. To view full text of this article:
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Smit HJ et al. Lung density measurements in spontaneous pneumothorax demonstrate airtrapping. Chest 2004;125:2083-90. PMID: 15189925
Authors' conclusions: Peripheral airway obstruction with airtrapping was found, and it is supposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous pneumothorax. To view full text of this article:
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Pecchiari M et al. Effect of heliox breathing on dynamic hyperinflation in COPD patients. Chest 2004;125:2075-82. PMID: 15189924
Authors' conclusions: Since heliox had no effect on dynamic hyperinflation, the use of this gas mixture, which is costly and cumbersome, does not appear to be beneficial in stable patients with COPD breathing at rest. To view full text of this article:
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Schoenhofer B et al. Influence of immersion in water on muscle function and breathing pattern in patients with severe diaphragm weakness. Chest 2004;125:2069-74. PMID: 15189923
Authors' conclusions: Relative to control subjects, patients with diaphragm weakness have augmented drive to breathe in order to attempt to defend gas exchange. This conclusion is implied by the presevered minute ventilation with immersion, the augmented RR, and elevated P(0.1) relative to maximum static inspiratory pressure. To view full text of this article:
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Lamberto C et al. Membrane and capillary blood components of diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: relation to exercise gas exchange. Chest 2004;125:2061-8. PMID: 15189922
Authors' conclusions: This study demonstrates that a decrease in Dm mostly accounts for resting DLCO reduction, and that Dm as well as DLCO are highly predictive of gas exchange abnormalities at exercise in patients with sarcoidosis. To view full text of this article:
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Mador MJ et al. Endurance and strength training in patients with COPD. Chest 2004;125:2036-45. PMID: 15189919
Authors' conclusions: Strength training can lead to significant improvement in muscle strength in elderly patients with COPD. However, this improvement in muscle strength does not translate into additional improvement in quality of life, exercise performance or quadriceps fatigability compared to that achieved by endurance exercise alone. To view full text of this article:
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Scichilone N et al. Bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration is absent in subjects with mild COPD. Chest 2004;125:2029-35. PMID: 15189918
Authors' conclusions: The bronchodilatory ability of deep inspiration is lost in mild COPD. We speculate that the absence of deep inspiration-induced bronchodilation contributes to the development and severity of chronic respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD. To view full text of this article:
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Wongsurakiat P et al. Acute respiratory illness in patients with COPD and the effectiveness of influenza vaccination: a randomized controlled study. Chest 2004;125:2011-20. PMID: 15189916
Authors' conclusions: Influenza vaccination is highly effective in the prevention of influenza-related ARI regardless of the severity of COPD. Influenza vaccination does not prevent other ARIs unrelated to influenza. The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the prevention of overall ARI in patients with COPD will depend on how much the proportion of influenza-related ARI contributes to the incidence of total ARI. Influenza vaccination should be recommended to all patients with COPD. To view full text of this article:
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Carpagnano GE et al. Breath condensate pH in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma: a new noninvasive marker of airway inflammation? Chest 2004;125:2005-10. PMID: 15189915
Authors' conclusions: We conclude that the measurement of EBC pH may be useful in the evaluation of airway inflammation in children with asthma and CF. To view full text of this article:
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Park SW et al. Development of chronic airway obstruction in patients with eosinophilic bronchitis: a prospective follow-up study. Chest 2004;125:1998-2004. PMID: 15189914
Authors' conclusions: These results suggest that repeated episode of EB is associated with the development of chronic airflow obstruction, including asthma. To view full text of this article:
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Koskela HO et al. Coughing during mannitol challenge is associated with asthma. Chest 2004;125:1985-92. PMID: 15189912
Authors' conclusions: Coughing during mannitol challenge is associated with asthma and occurs independently of bronchoconstriction. It can be used to study the mechanisms of asthmatic cough. Furthermore, the measurement of the mannitol-provoked coughing may be useful both in the diagnosis of asthma as well as in the assessment of the effects of an anti-inflammatory therapy on this common disorder. To view full text of this article:
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McAlearney AS. Hospitalists and family physicians: understanding opportunities and risks. J Fam Pract 2004;53:473-81. PMID: 15189722
Authors' conclusions: Despite some opposition to hospitalist programs, the economic climate and increasing productivity standards suggest that these programs are here for the foreseeable future, and it is in family physicians' best interests to understand the opportunities and risks of the hospitalist model. Family physicians can work proactively with this new patient care model by participating in the development of standardized and efficient ways to communicate and to partner with hospitalists. Meanwhile, future research studies can help inform the debate by investigating the specific influence of hospitalist models on family practice. To view full text of this article:
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Dunbar-Jacob J et al. Factors associated with attrition of African Americans during the recruitment phase of a clinical trial examining adherence among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51:422-8. PMID: 15188328
Authors' conclusions: Factors associated with attrition included selection of area medical sites, research design issues, comorbid conditions, alcohol abuse, and being younger, unmarried, African American, and male. To view full text of this article:
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Taylor WJ et al. Could the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) be a valid measure of disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis? Arthritis Rheum 2004;51:311-5. PMID: 15188312
Authors' conclusions: BASDAI performs similarly for axial and peripheral PsA but does not correlate well with external indicators of disease activity, such as treatment decisions. To view full text of this article:
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Wolf JM et al. Afferent limb ulcers predict Crohn's disease in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1686-91. PMID: 15188163
Authors' conclusions: ALUs seen on endoscopy are suggestive of CD in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are not taking NSAIDs. To view full text of this article:
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Sward K et al. Recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide in ischemic acute renal failure: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1310-5. PMID: 15187512
Authors' conclusions: Infusion of h-ANP at a rate of 50 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) enhances renal excretory function, decreases the probability of dialysis, and improves dialysis-free survival in early, ischemic acute renal dysfunction after complicated cardiac surgery. To view full text of this article:
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Erstad BL. Cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor therapy for acute peptic ulcer-related bleeding. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1277-83. PMID: 15187506
Authors' conclusions: High-dose intravenous PPI therapy in conjunction with therapeutic endoscopy is the most cost-effective approach for the management of hospitalized patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding. To view full text of this article:
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Pronovost PJ et al. Intensive care unit physician staffing: financial modeling of the Leapfrog standard. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1247-53. PMID: 15187501
Authors' conclusions: Financial modeling of implementation of the IPS standard using conservative assumptions demonstrated cost savings to hospitals. Only under worst-case scenario assumptions did intensivist staffing result in additional cost to hospitals. These economic findings must be interpreted in the context of significant reductions in patient morbidity and mortality rates also associated with intensivist staffing. Given the magnitude of its clinical and financial impact, hospital leaders should be asking "how to" rather than "whether to" implement The Leapfrog Group's ICU Physician Staffing standard. To view full text of this article:
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Steiner MJ et al. Is this child dehydrated? JAMA 2004;291:2746-54. PMID: 15187057
Authors' conclusions: The initial assessment of dehydration in young children should focus on estimating capillary refill time, skin turgor, and respiratory pattern and using combinations of other signs. The relative imprecision and inaccuracy of available tests limit the ability of clinicians to estimate the exact degree of dehydration. To view full text of this article:
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Eagle KA et al. A validated prediction model for all forms of acute coronary syndrome: estimating the risk of 6-month postdischarge death in an international registry. JAMA 2004;291:2727-33. PMID: 15187054
Authors' conclusions: The GRACE 6-month postdischarge prediction model is a simple, robust tool for predicting mortality in patients with ACS. Clinicians may find it simple to use and applicable to clinical practice. To view full text of this article:
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Smith E et al. An evaluation of the use of tooth temperature to assess human pulp vitality. Int Endod J 2004;37:374-80. PMID: 15186244
Authors' conclusions: Change in the surface temperature of teeth is not suitable as a simple clinical means to assess pulp vitality. To view full text of this article:
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Devos D et al. Low levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor in CSF from early ALS patients. Neurology 2004;62:2127-9. PMID: 15184633
Authors' conclusions: Here the authors report low VEGF levels in the CSF of ALS patients during their first year of the disease, independently of VEGF promoter polymorphism. This finding early in ALS patients suggests a possible role for VEGF gene regulation in the pathogenesis of ALS. To view full text of this article:
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Ulrich V et al. The relative influence of environment and genes in episodic tension-type headache. Neurology 2004;62:2065-9. PMID: 15184615
Authors' conclusions: Environmental influence is of major importance for episodic tension-type headache and a genetic factor, if it exits, is minor. In chronic tension-type headache the genetic factor may be more important. These data clearly separate episodic tension-type headache from migraine without aura where the phenotypic variation consists of non-shared environmental effects of 39% and of 61% additive genetic effects. To view full text of this article:
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Malucchi S et al. Neutralizing antibodies reduce the efficacy of betaIFN during treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004;62:2031-7. PMID: 15184610
Authors' conclusions: Persistent NAbs significantly reduce the clinical efficacy of IFNbeta. To view full text of this article:
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Tiraboschi P et al. The importance of neuritic plaques and tangles to the development and evolution of AD. Neurology 2004;62:1984-9. PMID: 15184601
Authors' conclusions: Deterioration in Alzheimer disease appears to be driven by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles at different stages of the disease. The significant increase in neuritic plaques, but not neurofibrillary tangles, in patients with even mild Alzheimer disease at death compared with normal control subjects suggests that only neuritic plaques are associated with the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer disease. To view full text of this article:
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Nishimoto Y et al. Immunoglobulin improves a model of acute motor axonal neuropathy by preventing axonal degeneration. Neurology 2004;62:1939-44. PMID: 15184593
Authors' conclusions: The therapeutic efficacy of IVIg in an AMAN model was confirmed. IVIg may not affect the production or catabolism of anti-GM1 IgG, but it may prevent axonal degeneration of motor nerves. To view full text of this article:
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Loblaw DA et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations for the initial hormonal management of androgen-sensitive metastatic, recurrent, or progressive prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2927-41. PMID: 15184404
Authors' conclusions: A full discussion between practitioner and patient should occur to determine which therapy is best for the patient. Bilateral orchiectomy or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists are the recommended initial treatments. Nonsteroidal antiandrogen therapy may be discussed as an alternative, but steroidal antiandrogens should not be offered as monotherapy. Patients willing to accept the increased toxicity of combined androgen blockage for a small benefit in survival should be offered nonsteroidal antiandrogen in addition to castrate therapy. Until data from studies using modern medical diagnostic/biochemical tests and standardized follow-up schedules become available, no specific recommendations can be issued regarding the question of early versus deferred ADT. A discussion about the pros and cons of early versus deferred ADT should occur. To view full text of this article:
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Veerkamp MJ et al. Nomogram to diagnose familial combined hyperlipidemia on the basis of results of a 5-year follow-up study. Circulation 2004;109:2980-5. PMID: 15184285
Authors' conclusions: The diagnosis of FCH is best predicted by absolute apoB levels combined with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels adjusted for age and gender and can accurately be calculated by a nomogram. This definition is also a good predictor of cardiovascular risk in FCH. To view full text of this article:
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Vincent S et al. Clinical assessment of norepinephrine transporter blockade through biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Circulation 2004;109:3202-7. PMID: 15184278
Authors' conclusions: These findings suggest that the degree of NET blockade can be assessed with the plasma or urine DHPG/NE ratio and the pressor effect of tyramine. Also, the DHPG/NE ratio is more sensitive at the lower end of NET inhibition, whereas tyramine exhibits a linear relation, with NET inhibition commencing at a higher dose. To view full text of this article:
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Gordon CM et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:531-7. PMID: 15184215
Authors' conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was present in many US adolescents in this urban clinic-based sample. The prevalence was highest in African American teenagers and during winter, although the problem seems to be common across sex, season, and ethnicity. To view full text of this article:
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Perrott DA et al. Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for treating children's pain or fever: a meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:521-6. PMID: 15184213
Authors' conclusions: In children, single doses of ibuprofen (4-10 mg/kg) and acetaminophen (7-15 mg/kg) have similar efficacy for relieving moderate to severe pain, and similar safety as analgesics or antipyretics. Ibuprofen (5-10 mg/kg) was a more effective antipyretic than acetaminophen (10-15 mg/kg) at 2, 4, and 6 hours posttreatment. To view full text of this article:
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Kim JJ et al. Traffic-related air pollution near busy roads: the East Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:520-6. PMID: 15184208
Authors' conclusions: Thus, we found spatial variability in traffic pollutants and associated differences in respiratory symptoms in a region with good air quality. Our findings support the hypothesis that traffic-related pollution is associated with respiratory symptoms in children. To view full text of this article:
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Churg A et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha drives 70% of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in the mouse. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:492-8. PMID: 15184206
Authors' conclusions: TNF-alpha causes increased MMP production, but some increased MMP activity is present even in TNFRKO mice. These findings imply a second TNF-alpha-independent process, possibly related to direct MMP attack on matrix, that produces the remaining 30% of airspace enlargement. To view full text of this article:
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Thambyah A et al. Knee joint moments during stair climbing of patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2004;19:489-96. PMID: 15182984
Authors' conclusions: The current study showed that most patients with an anterior cruciate deficient knee adapted their gait during stair ascent. RELEVANCE: As stair climbing is a common activity, its effect on gait is relevant to better understand appropriate treatment and management strategies of patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees. To view full text of this article:
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Wu W et al. Gait coordination in pregnancy: transverse pelvic and thoracic rotations and their relative phase. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2004;19:480-8. PMID: 15182983
Authors' conclusions: The general pattern of gait kinematics in pregnant women is very similar to that of nulligravidae. Still, it appears that pregnant women experience difficulties in realizing the more anti-phase pelvis-thorax coordination that is required at higher walking velocities. RELEVANCE: The present study shows that gait in healthy pregnancy is remarkably normal, but some differences in pelvis-thorax coordination were detected. In healthy pregnancy, anti-phase pelvis-thorax coordination appears difficult, but less so than in pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Better understanding of gait in healthy pregnancy may provide insight into the gait problems of women with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. To view full text of this article:
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Hurd WJ et al. Differences in normal and perturbed walking kinematics between male and female athletes. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2004;19:465-72. PMID: 15182981
Authors' conclusions: Females demonstrate characteristics during both normal and perturbed gait that may potentially contribute to increased anterior cruciate ligament strain. Repetition of these potentially harmful movement patterns during provocative athletic maneuvers may lead to anterior cruciate ligament injury. RELEVANCE: Females exhibit lower extremity kinematic patterns that differ from males. Female kinematic patterns may contribute to an increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. To view full text of this article:
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Clemens J et al. Development of pathogenicity-driven definitions of outcomes for a field trial of a killed oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Egypt: application of an evidence-based method. J Infect Dis 2004;189:2299-307. PMID: 15181579
Authors' conclusions: Because the vaccine had been anticipated to protect primarily against symptomatic ETEC diarrhea, these results indicate that the primary-outcome definition of ETEC diarrhea for the trial should be restricted to nonbloody diarrheal episodes associated with fecal excretion of non-LT VP-ETEC. To view full text of this article:
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Shacklett BL et al. Increased adhesion molecule and chemokine receptor expression on CD8+ T cells trafficking to cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2004;189:2202-12. PMID: 15181567
Authors' conclusions: These findings suggest that LFA-1, CCR5 and CXCR3, and IP-10 play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking to CSF during HIV-1 infection. These observations suggest a "push-pull" model, in which lymphocyte extravasation is driven by lymphocyte activation, expression of adhesion molecules, and increased vascular permeability and is coupled with chemokine-mediated trafficking to inflammatory sites in the CNS. To view full text of this article:
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Coutsoudis A et al. Late postnatal transmission of HIV-1 in breast-fed children: an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2004;189:2154-66. PMID: 15181561
Authors' conclusions: Late postnatal transmission contributes substantially to overall mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. The risk of late postnatal transmission is generally constant throughout breast-feeding, and late postnatal transmission is associated with a lower maternal CD4(+) cell count and male sex. Biological and cultural mechanisms underlying the association between sex and late postnatal transmission should be further investigated. Interventions to decrease transmission of HIV-1 through breast-feeding are urgently needed. To view full text of this article:
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Braga-Basaria M et al. 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin activity against thyroid cancer cell lines correlates with heat shock protein 90 levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2982-8. PMID: 15181088
Authors' conclusions: Interestingly, even the WRO and ARO cell lines that were sensitive to 17-AAG-induced cell death did not undergo apoptosis. These data suggest that sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to 17-AAG-induced cytotoxicity relates to Hsp90 levels rather than histological subtype and that thyroid cancer cells have a reduced apoptotic response to 17-AAG. To view full text of this article:
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Xing M et al. Detection of BRAF mutation on fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens: a new diagnostic tool for papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2867-72. PMID: 15181070
Authors' conclusions: Prospective analysis showed that 50% of the nodules that proved to be PTC on surgical histopathology were correctly diagnosed by BRAF mutation analysis on FNAB specimens; there were no false positive findings. Thus, we have demonstrated the usefulness of BRAF mutation detection on FNAB specimens that can help diagnose and identify those PTC patients who may need more aggressive surgical treatment and vigilant clinical monitoring. To view full text of this article:
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Azziz R et al. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2745-9. PMID: 15181052
Authors' conclusions: The prevalence rates of PCOS for Black and White women were 8.0 and 4.8%, respectively, not significantly different. These data from a large representative unselected population support the concept that PCOS is the most common endocrine abnormality of reproductive-aged women in the United States. To view full text of this article:
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Unluhizarci K et al. The investigation of insulin resistance in patients with idiopathic hirsutism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2741-4. PMID: 15181051
Authors' conclusions: Six of eight (75%) obese patients with IH showed IGT. These data suggest that IH is associated with insulin resistance and an increased prevalence of IGT in obese patients. To view full text of this article:
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Levy DG et al. Distinguishing the antihypertensive and electrolyte effects of eplerenone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2736-40. PMID: 15181050
Authors' conclusions: We interpret these data as evidence for the major antihypertensive effect of eplerenone being via mechanisms other than those involving epithelial electrolyte and fluid transport. The modest (< or =0.2 mEq/liter at 200 mg/d) mean elevation in plasma [K+] suggests that titration to effect rather than forced titration may minimize the risk of hyperkalemia, even where relatively high (100-200 mg/d) doses of the specific mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone may ultimately be required. To view full text of this article:
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Utzschneider KM et al. Diet-induced weight loss is associated with an improvement in beta-cell function in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2704-10. PMID: 15181045
Authors' conclusions: Overall beta-cell function improved (SI x AIRg, 9.63 +/- 2.28 to 12.78 +/- 2.58 x 10(-3) min(-1), P < 0.05; and SI x AIRmax, 51.01 +/- 9.2 to 72.69 +/- 13.4 x 10(-3) min(-1), P < 0.05). Thus, the weight loss-associated improvements in both insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function may explain the beneficial effects of a lifestyle intervention on delaying the development of diabetes in older subjects. To view full text of this article:
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Adams J et al. Correlation between upper limb functional ability and structural hand impairment in an early rheumatoid population. Clin Rehabil 2004;18:405-13. PMID: 15180124
Authors' conclusions: In this early RA population handgrip strength is an accurate indicator of upper limb ability. Ulnar deviation at the MCP joints shows only a weak to moderate association with upper limb functional activity and ability. Although the DASH and the GAT were strongly correlated, the DASH was a more discriminating measure than the GAT in assessing upper limb ability in this sample population. To view full text of this article:
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Smith J et al. Rhomboid muscle electromyography activity during 3 different manual muscle tests. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:987-92. PMID: 15179655
Authors' conclusions: The posterior deltoid MMT position should be used to produce maximal rhomboid electromyographic activity for normalization purposes during kinesiologic studies. The Kendall and Kendall-Alternative rhomboid MMT are likely to be clinically indistinct. It is unlikely that clinicians can use standard MMT positions to distinguish rhomboid strength from synergists, such as the levator scapula and middle trapezius muscle, for diagnostic purposes. To view full text of this article:
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Tang SF et al. Changes in sagittal ground reaction forces after intra-articular hyaluronate injections for knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:951-5. PMID: 15179649
Authors' conclusions: Gait patterns and GRFs improved significantly after intra-articular knee injection of hyaluronate in persons with Ahlbäck stages I and II knee OA. The clinical treatment effect was immediate and may last for 6 months or more. To view full text of this article:
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Liu Y et al. Manipulation of light signal transduction as a means of modifying fruit nutritional quality in tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:9897-902. PMID: 15178762
Authors' conclusions: In contrast, repression of LeCOP1LIKE expression results in plants with exaggerated photomorphogenesis, dark green leaves, and elevated fruit carotenoid levels. These results suggest genes encoding components of light signal transduction machinery also influence fruit pigmentation and represent genetic tools for manipulation of fruit quality and nutritional value. To view full text of this article:
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Ryan L et al. Female dyspareunia. BMJ 2004;328:1357. PMID: 15178614
Authors' conclusions: Not available. To view full text of this article:
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Chu CM et al. Natural history of hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion in patients with normal serum aminotransferase levels. Am J Med 2004;116:829-34. PMID: 15178498
Authors' conclusions: The clinical severity of chronic hepatitis B was milder in this cohort than in previous studies. Delayed HBeAg seroconversion and relapse of hepatitis were associated with increased risk of cirrhosis. To view full text of this article:
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Auerbach AD et al. Cost-effectiveness of testing for hypercoagulability and effects on treatment strategies in patients with deep vein thrombosis. Am J Med 2004;116:816-28. PMID: 15178497
Authors' conclusions: Testing for hypercoagulable disorders in patients with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis followed by 2 years of anticoagulation in affected patients is cost-effective. A simpler approach of treating all patients with prolonged anticoagulation without testing is justified if data confirm the persistent risk of recurrent thrombosis. To view full text of this article:
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Ferrucci L et al. Neurological examination findings to predict limitations in mobility and falls in older persons without a history of neurological disease. Am J Med 2004;116:807-15. PMID: 15178496
Authors' conclusions: Neurological signs are independent correlates of limitations in mobility and falls in older persons who have no clear history of neurological disease. To view full text of this article:
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Schleinitz MD et al. Clopidogrel versus aspirin for secondary prophylaxis of vascular events: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Med 2004;116:797-806. PMID: 15178495
Authors' conclusions: Clopidogrel provides a substantial increase in quality-adjusted life expectancy at a cost that is within traditional societal limits for patients with either peripheral arterial disease or a recent stroke. Current evidence does not support increased efficacy with clopidogrel relative to aspirin in patients following myocardial infarction. To view full text of this article:
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Weiss R et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2362-74. PMID: 15175438
Authors' conclusions: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is high among obese children and adolescents, and it increases with worsening obesity. Biomarkers of an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes are already present in these youngsters. To view full text of this article:
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Marik PE et al. Meta-analysis of parenteral nutrition versus enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. BMJ 2004;328:1407. PMID: 15175229
Authors' conclusions: Enteral nutrition should be the preferred route of nutritional support in patients with acute pancreatitis. To view full text of this article:
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Rijken F et al. Responses of black and white skin to solar-simulating radiation: differences in DNA photodamage, infiltrating neutrophils, proteolytic enzymes induced, keratinocyte activation, and IL-10 expression. J Invest Dermatol 2004;122:1448-55. PMID: 15175036
Authors' conclusions: Increased skin pigmentation appears to be primarily responsible for the observed differences in skin responses. Our data could provide an explanation as to why black skin is less susceptible to sunburn, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. To view full text of this article:
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Leung CW et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome among children. Pediatrics 2004;113:e535-43. PMID: 15173534
Authors' conclusions: Children are susceptible to SARS-CoV infection. Teenagers resemble adults with respect to disease progression and may develop severe illness. The short-term to medium-term outcomes are good. Sore throat and initial and peak neutrophilia seem to be predictors of severe illness. Our clinical case definition performed well in the epidemic. To view full text of this article:
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Arias Y et al. Association between evening admissions and higher mortality rates in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2004;113:e530-4. PMID: 15173533
Authors' conclusions: An increased risk of death exists for some pediatric patients admitted to the PICU during evening hours. It remains necessary to determine whether this finding results from differences in the structure of care, processes of care, or both. To view full text of this article:
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Slusher TM et al. Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements and serum total bilirubin levels in indigenous African infants. Pediatrics 2004;113:1636-41. PMID: 15173484
Authors' conclusions: From these results, we can conclude that TcB measurements are a useful and reliable index for estimating STB levels in pigmented neonates, including those with hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. In the absence of reliable STB measurements, the relatively simple and noninvasive TcB measurements can be an important adjunct in directing phototherapy and exchange transfusions, thereby preventing bilirubin-induced morbidity and mortality in low-technology clinical environments. To view full text of this article:
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Maisels MJ et al. Evaluation of a new transcutaneous bilirubinometer. Pediatrics 2004;113:1628-35. PMID: 15173483
Authors' conclusions: We conclude that TcB measurements using the JM-103 jaundice meter correlate very closely with TSB levels over the range of TSB encountered in this study. Because only 3.3% of our infants had TSB values >15 mg/dL (257 micro mol/L), more data are needed in this range of TSB concentration. The correlation in black infants is not as close as in other groups, but because the tendency in blacks is for the JM-103 to overestimate serum bilirubin levels, dangerous clinical errors are unlikely to occur. The measurement technique is rapid and simple, and it is easy to perform repeated measurements over time, thus reducing the likelihood of error. TcB measurements with the JM-103 jaundice meter should obviate the need for most serum bilirubin levels in newborn infants > or =35 weeks of gestation, although serum bilirubin measurements are still required when treatment with phototherapy or exchange transfusion is being considered. To view full text of this article:
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Comeau AM et al. Population-based newborn screening for genetic disorders when multiple mutation DNA testing is incorporated: a cystic fibrosis newborn screening model demonstrating increased sensitivity but more carrier detections. Pediatrics 2004;113:1573-81. PMID: 15173476
Authors' conclusions: Use of multiple-CFTR-mutation testing improved sensitivity and postscreening prediction of CF at the cost of increased referrals and carrier identification. To view full text of this article:
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Mandelblatt JS et al. Benefits and costs of interventions to improve breast cancer outcomes in African American women. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2554-66. PMID: 15173213
Authors' conclusions: Except in pockets of unscreened or high-risk women, further investments in interventions to increase screening are unlikely to be an efficient use of resources. Ensuring that African American women receive intensive treatment seems to be the most cost-effective approach to decreasing the disproportionate mortality experienced by this population. To view full text of this article:
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Liu J et al. Predictive value for the Chinese population of the Framingham CHD risk assessment tool compared with the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study. JAMA 2004;291:2591-9. PMID: 15173150
Authors' conclusions: The original Framingham functions overestimated the risk of CHD for CMCS participants. Recalibration of the Framingham functions improved the estimates and demonstrated that the Framingham model is useful in the Chinese population. For regions that have no established cohort, recalibration using CHD rates and risk factors may be an effective method to develop CHD risk prediction algorithms suited for local practice. To view full text of this article:
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Demyttenaere K et al. Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA 2004;291:2581-90. PMID: 15173149
Authors' conclusions: Reallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases, especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders. To view full text of this article:
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Willerson JT et al. Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation 2004;109:II2-10. PMID: 15173056
Authors' conclusions: In randomized, controlled trials, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, in the form of statins, have been shown to provide effective therapy for lowering CRP, in conjunction with their lipid-lowering effects. Although the magnitude of risk reduction associated with statin use appears to be largest for those with the highest serum levels of CRP, whether CRP reduction per se lowers cardiovascular risk is unknown. To view full text of this article:
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Hashiya N et al. In vivo evidence of angiogenesis induced by transcription factor Ets-1: Ets-1 is located upstream of angiogenesis cascade. Circulation 2004;109:3035-41. PMID: 15173033
Authors' conclusions: The present study demonstrated that ets-1 regulated angiogenesis through the induction of angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and HGF). Overexpression of ets may provide a new therapeutic strategy to treat peripheral arterial disease. To view full text of this article:
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Singh M et al. Clinical and angiographic predictors of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the Prevention of Restenosis With Tranilast and Its Outcomes (PRESTO) trial. Circulation 2004;109:2727-31. PMID: 15173022
Authors' conclusions: The preprocedural clinical and angiographic variables from available studies and from the PRESTO trial have only modest predictive ability for restenosis after PCI. To view full text of this article:
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Goroll AH et al. A new model for accreditation of residency programs in internal medicine. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:902-9. PMID: 15172905
Authors' conclusions: This paper, from the Residency Review Committee for Internal Medicine of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, proposes a new outcomes-based accreditation strategy for residency training programs in internal medicine. It shifts residency program accreditation from external audit of educational process to continuous assessment and improvement of trainee clinical competence. To view full text of this article:
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Sheiner E et al. Beta-thalassemia minor during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:1273-7. PMID: 15172864
Authors' conclusions: The course of pregnancy of patients with thalassemia minor, including perinatal outcomes, is favorable. Because higher rates of IUGR were found, we recommend ultrasound surveillance of fetal weight for early detection of IUGR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2 To view full text of this article:
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Marwick TH et al. A clinical and echocardiographic score for assigning risk of major events after dobutamine echocardiograms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2102-7. PMID: 15172420
Authors' conclusions: A risk score based on clinical and echocardiographic data may be used to quantify the risk of events in patients undergoing DbE. To view full text of this article:
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Arant CB et al. Hemoglobin level is an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women undergoing evaluation for chest pain: results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2009-14. PMID: 15172405
Authors' conclusions: Our findings extend previous reports, linking lower hemoglobin levels with higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, to women evaluated for suspected ischemia in the absence of acute MI or CHF. To view full text of this article:
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Diamond GA et al. Prior convictions: Bayesian approaches to the analysis and interpretation of clinical megatrials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1929-39. PMID: 15172393
Authors' conclusions: he probability that the study hypothesis is true given the observations. This posterior probability thereby quantifies the likelihood of various magnitudes of therapeutic benefit rather than the single null magnitude to which the p value refers, and it lends itself to graphical sensitivity analyses with respect to its underlying assumptions. Accordingly, the Bayesian approach should be employed more widely in the design, analysis, and interpretation of clinical megatrials. To view full text of this article:
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Manabe S et al. Oxygen pressure measurement during grip exercise reveals exercise intolerance after radial harvest. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;77:2066-70. PMID: 15172268
Authors' conclusions: More than 10% of patients after harvest of radial arteries had mild symptoms implying exercise-intolerance, which accorded with abnormal tissue oxygenation during grip exercise. Work habits of patients should be considered in radial harvest decisions, especially if preoperative Doppler echography indicates lower flow reserves for the ulnar artery. To view full text of this article:
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Schutter DJ et al. Functionally dissociated aspects in anterior and posterior electrocortical processing of facial threat. Int J Psychophysiol 2004;53:29-36. PMID: 15172133
Authors' conclusions: The fact that the P200 and the N300 are highly correlated suggests that they reflect different stages of the same anterior evaluation mechanism. The more pronounced posterior eCNV suggests sustained attention to socially threatening information. To view full text of this article:
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Tannock IF et al. Cognitive impairment associated with chemotherapy for cancer: report of a workshop. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2233-9. PMID: 15169812
Authors' conclusions: Underlying mechanisms are unknown, although preliminary studies suggest there may be genetic predisposition and that cognitive impairment may be accompanied by changes in the brain detectable by neuroimaging. The following priorities were established for future research: (1) large-scale clinical studies that use both a longitudinal design and concurrent evaluation of patients with cancer who do not receive chemotherapy-such studies should address the probability and magnitude of cognitive deficits, factors that predict them, and underlying mechanisms; (2) exploration of discrepancies between subjective reports of cognitive dysfunction and the objective results of cognitive testing; (3) studies of cognitive function in patients receiving treatment for diseases other than breast cancer, and in both men and women, to address the hypothesis that underlying mechanisms relate to changes in serum levels of sex hormones and/or to chemotherapy-induced menopause; (4) development of interventions to alleviate these problems; and (5) development of animal models and the use of imaging techniques to address mechanisms that might cause cognitive impairment associated with chemotherapy. To view full text of this article:
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Okunieff P et al. Pentoxifylline in the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2207-13. PMID: 15169810
Authors' conclusions: Patients receiving pentoxifylline demonstrated improved AROM, PROM, and muscle strength and decreased limb edema and pain. Reversal of these delayed radiation effects was associated with a decrease in circulating FGF2. To view full text of this article:
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Corradini P et al. Graft-versus-lymphoma effect in relapsed peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas after reduced-intensity conditioning followed by allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2172-6. PMID: 15169805
Authors' conclusions: RIC followed by allogeneic stem-cell transplantation is feasible, has a low treatment-related mortality, and seems to be a promising salvage treatment for relapsed PTCL. These findings suggest that the existence of a graft-versus-T-cell lymphoma effect. To view full text of this article:
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Grigsby PW et al. Posttherapy [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in carcinoma of the cervix: response and outcome. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2167-71. PMID: 15169804
Authors' conclusions: Posttherapy abnormal FDG uptake (persistent or new) as detected by whole-body PET measures tumor response and might be predictive of tumor recurrence and death from cervical cancer. Prospective validation of these results is warranted. To view full text of this article:
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Cassidy J et al. XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin): active first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2084-91. PMID: 15169795
Authors' conclusions: XELOX is a highly effective first-line treatment for MCRC. Response rates, TTP, and overall survival are similar to those observed with FU/leucovorin/oxaliplatin combinations. XELOX provides a more convenient regimen, likely to be preferred by both patients and healthcare providers. Capecitabine has the potential to replace FU/LV in combination with oxaliplatin for MCRC. To view full text of this article:
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Herrmann N et al. Atypical antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1113-5. PMID: 15169702
Authors' conclusions: Olanzapine and risperidone use were not associated with a statistically significant increased risk of stroke compared with typical antipsychotic use. To view full text of this article:
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Agumadu CO et al. Seasonal variation in mood in African American college students in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1084-9. PMID: 15169697
Authors' conclusions: The authors found that the frequency, magnitude, and pattern of seasonality of mood in African American students were similar to those previously reported in the general population at similar latitude, but that awareness of the existence of seasonal affective disorder, a condition with safe and effective treatment options, was lower. To view full text of this article:
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Schubert EW et al. Prospective study of neurological abnormalities in offspring of women with psychosis: birth to adulthood. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1030-7. PMID: 15169691
Authors' conclusions: High levels of neurological abnormalities are found in a substantial proportion of offspring of mothers with schizophrenia but not offspring of mothers with affective psychosis. This suggests that familial risk for schizophrenia is associated with neurodevelopmental disturbance that is manifest throughout life and belongs to a different biological continuum from that of affective psychosis. To view full text of this article:
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Ragland JD et al. Event-related fMRI of frontotemporal activity during word encoding and recognition in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1004-15. PMID: 15169688
Authors' conclusions: The pattern of prefrontal cortex underactivation and parahippocampal overactivation in the patients suggests that functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal-limbic structures is disrupted by schizophrenia. This disruption may be reflected in the memory strategies of patients with schizophrenia, which include reliance on rote rehearsal rather than associative semantic processing. To view full text of this article:
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Wells K et al. Bridging community intervention and mental health services research. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:955-63. PMID: 15169681
Authors' conclusions: The community intervention approach is a major paradigm for affecting public health or addressing health disparities. Despite challenges in implementation and evaluation, it represents a promising approach for extending the reach of mental health services interventions into diverse communities. To view full text of this article:
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Lipski M. Root surface temperature rises in vitro during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized gutta-percha on a carrier or by injection. J Endod 2004;30:441-3. PMID: 15167476
Authors' conclusions: Lower temperature rises were found for Ultrafil and Trifecta techniques (2.14 degrees C and 2.03 degrees C, respectively) than for Thermafil and Soft-Core techniques (3.87 degrees C and 3.67 degrees C, respectively). These findings suggest that solid core gutta-percha combined with low-temperature injectable gutta-percha obturation techniques may impose less risk for thermal damage to the surrounding periradicular tissues. To view full text of this article:
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Cha C et al. Long-term results with resection of radiation-induced soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Surg 2004;239:903-9; discussion 909-10. PMID: 15166970
Authors' conclusions: The increasing utilization of adjuvant radiation therapy, especially for early-stage breast cancer mandates long-term follow-up to detect radiation-induced sarcoma. Surgical resection remains the primary therapy, but 5-year survival remains approximately 40%. To view full text of this article:
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Rosemurgy AS et al. TIPS versus peritoneovenous shunt in the treatment of medically intractable ascites: a prospective randomized trial. Ann Surg 2004;239:883-9; discussion 889-91. PMID: 15166968
Authors' conclusions: TIPS and peritoneovenous shunts treat medically intractable ascites. Absence of ascites after either is uncommon. PV shunts control ascites sooner, although TIPS provides better long-term efficacy. After either shunt, numerous interventions are required to assist patency. Assisted shunt patency is better after TIPS. Treating medically refractory ascites with TIPS risks early shunt-related mortality for prospects of longer survival with ascites control. This study promotes the application of TIPS for medically intractable ascites if patients undergoing TIPS have prospects beyond short-term survival. To view full text of this article:
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Fournier K et al. Micrometastasis in the sentinel lymph node of breast cancer does not mandate completion axillary dissection. Ann Surg 2004;239:859-63; discussion 863-5. PMID: 15166965
Authors' conclusions: This study demonstrates that the incidence of non-SLN involvement is low in SLN that contains only micrometastatic foci and is within the accepted range of the false-negative rate of SLN. This suggests that a CAD may be omitted in patients with micrometastatic disease. To view full text of this article:
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Reavis KM et al. Laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms better predict the presence of esophageal adenocarcinoma than typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Ann Surg 2004;239:849-56; discussion 856-8. PMID: 15166964
Authors' conclusions: Symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux are more prevalent in patients with EAC than typical GERD symptoms and may represent the only sign of disease. Chronic cough is an independent risk factor associated with the presence of EAC. Addition of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms to the current Barrett's screening guidelines is warranted. To view full text of this article:
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Abdalla EK et al. Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ablation for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 2004;239:818-25; discussion 825-7. PMID: 15166961
Authors' conclusions: Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice for colorectal liver metastases. RFA alone or in combination with resection for unresectable patients does not provide survival comparable to resection, and provides survival only slightly superior to nonsurgical treatment. To view full text of this article:
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Corriere MA et al. Endoleak following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: implications for duration of screening. Ann Surg 2004;239:800-5; discussion 805-7. PMID: 15166959
Authors' conclusions: Risk for endoleak declines as the number of negative postoperative scans increases, but new endoleaks are identified as late as 7 years following EAR. Reduction in screening frequency cannot be uniformly recommended at this time. Patients with documented aneurysm expansion should be monitored carefully and endoleak should be suspected. To view full text of this article:
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Dempsey DT et al. Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia: does anterior hemifundoplication affect clinical outcome? Ann Surg 2004;239:779-85; discussion 785-7. PMID: 15166957
Authors' conclusions: The addition of anterior hemifundoplication to esophagomyotomy for achalasia does not improve or worsen clinical results. To view full text of this article:
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O'Herrin JK et al. Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations: effect on medical record research. Ann Surg 2004;239:772-6; discussion 776-8. PMID: 15166956
Authors' conclusions: HIPAA appears to inhibit medical record and database research. Ethical considerations in healthcare research are paramount, but current HIPAA implementation strategies increase workload for HSC and researchers, and increase the dropout rate for proposed studies when investigators are unable or unwilling to meet the regulatory requirements. It is unclear whether or to what degree the new requirements add to protection of privacy. Studies designed to investigate the costs and effects on quantity and/or quality of research should be prospectively implemented. To view full text of this article:
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| Nealon WH et al. Appropriate timing of cholecystectomy in patients who present with moderate to severe gallstone-associ |